Additionally, rake boards come in various materials and contribute to a home’s weatherproofing and aesthetics. When the wood is installed and wrapped, cost is $8. Gutters installed on an angled Fascia board should be installed as level as possible. The location of the rake boards depend on The purpose of the rake board is simply to prevent rain from running behind the siding or to cover the top edge of brick if it’s a brick home. The fascia board is a crucial component of your roof as it serves as the last line of support for the lower ends of your roof shingles and tiles. Proper installation and maintenance are Jun 17, 2021 · Wood Fascia Board. jameshardiepros. 2017 ) questions call 888. 625 in. Fold the end of the fascia board back over the aluminum, overlapping it slightly. Roof Eave SECURE PIECES PROPERLY. This product is designed for a fascia that has a heavy-duty paint coating or a waterproof coating to protect it from the elements. Is a Fascia Board the Same as a Soffit? The fascia We Specialize In Fascia/Rake Board Repair. The undersides of both eave and rake are referred to as wooden soffit. They help distribute the weight of the roof evenly, reducing the risk of sagging or collapse. It works with the soffit to protect the house from moisture. Primed Wood Fascia Trim Board (Actual: 0. , so it made sense to apply as much of the exterior Jun 7, 2023 · These options are referred to as aluminum and vinyl fascia, and they are covers rather than replacing the wood fascia board. Dante Sargent. Fascia boards help keep moisture away For this job, we replaced 3 1/2-in. Nov 29, 2017 · Learn how to install HardieTrim® Boards over rake and fascia boards in this instructional guide from James Hardie. Like trim, fascia serves the home by helping to keep moisture out and away from the roof when installed properly. Feb 2, 2024 · In some cases, frieze boards are installed diagonally if you have a gable. When it comes to gable aesthetics, the rake trim closes off the roof edge and provides an area from the top of the Jan 11, 2021 · Barge boards are found in the gable, running at some type of angle that is more vertical than a standard horizontal fascia board. If this happens, issues such as mildew, mold, and rotting beneath Rake Board / Fascia with Barnwood Siding. Rake boards, also called “barge boards,” are the front-facing trim at the edge of a roof’s gables. In most places the bottom of the fascia extends past the bottom We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Storm Damage Prevention . You can also choose to prime and paint them to match the characteristics of your house. -wide pine boards with 5/4-in. Wood fascia is beautiful and offers a natural look to the house. This added moisture protection helps prevent mold, warping, rot and crumble. PVC trim boards are mainly used for trim applications that include soffit, fascia, rake boards, columns, window surrounds, door surrounds, and much more. 50 to $2 per linear foot for 5/4×4 cedar, redwood or Decorative Fascia Trim. 17. Gable trim and rake trim both contribute to the finished appearance of a metal roof. Attached to the bottom of fascia boards, they provide added protection for the edge of your roof, as well as covering up unsightly gaps. com/ for Lay the aluminum foil along with the board, with one end flush against the board and a tab sticking out about 10-12 inches. ) In the most general terms, wide overhangs (16 inches or more) tend to work better visually with shallow-pitched roofs and more contemporary Oct 31, 2023 · 1. Cut the top of the flashing at a slight angle to the face of the rake, and bend the vertical leg back against the rake trim. x 3. -wide PrimeTrim. These are usually made of cedar, redwood, pine, spruce, or fir. credit: Woods Architecture LLC & Seven Development Read more about this project here. Blue House Band Board & Corner Board. , Restoration Roofing, Soto Construction, Gutter Ethics, Beyond Exteriors, V & K Builders May 3, 2024 · Fascia is a horizontal or angled board that is designed to enclose the interior roof cavity. A rake edge runs along the angled sides (or gables) of a roof where there are no gutters, directing water away from the siding. Oct 5, 2020 · LP Smart Side. Need to be skilled with metal snips to get really pro look. On the other hand, the fascia of a house runs horizontally along the rafters, trusses, and gutters. A hip roof is a roof where the ends are also sloped. The fascia board is located on the face of the roof, covering the roof rafters and trusses. The soffit is underneath the fascia, flat broad side parallel to the ground, its edge up against the house’s walls. Fold the tab back over itself. Mar 1, 2005 · There are two basic types of eaves and rakes: clipped and extended. Easier to get nice clean cuts. The roof rake, especially the exposed portion, if “dressed” with rake boards, can enhance the roofing system’s ability to withstand high humidity, heavy wind, and storm damage conditions. They also support the gutters that channel rainwater away from your home and contribute to the Oct 26, 2023 · A rake board is a fundamental architectural element located on the sloping sides of a roof, typically at the gable ends where roof planes meet at an angle. Place boards with crown up, cut an angle on upper end to match roof slope (example shown is for a 4/12 roof slope). Now let’s look at the parts of a slightly different roof type. Mar 1, 2021 · Protecting Your Fascia Board with Rake Wrap. Aug 17, 2016 · For this project, that was 10 inches from the outside of the frieze board to the outside of the finished fascia. Decorative fascia trim in this example is layered to help create more depth for the front area of the home. Additionally, the board positioned on the front of an eave or roof rake is known as a fascia board. MarkH | Feb 11, 2010 07:37pm | #5. A rake roof is the portion of a roof that extends past the exterior wall at the gable end of the roof which spans from the eave to the ridge. Rake Boards: An inclined trim piece that angles along roof gables or exposed peaks. They cover the gap left from the rafters. and 8 in. Alternative materials such as solid PVC or vinyl fascia boards offer a more robust solution than wood. Frieze Board vs. They are rot-free and insect-resistant, eliminating the worry of paint peeling. Fascia and Rake Boards are both integral components to a roof and we ready to help you protect your house. Step Three: Remove Existing Fascia Board. At angled and rising areas such as above gable or gambrel walls, a similar board will be installed call it a rake board. fascia on rake. Sep 8, 2022 · The roof rake or rake of the roof is an open area of the roof that extends from the roof edge to its ridge. to the ridge. It makes sense to use wood for the fascia if your house has wood siding, but it's also a common material on houses with brick, stone or other types of siding. While fascias and soffits support the guttering of a property, barge boards are attached to a gable to provide added strength, protection and aesthetics. It’s a great low-maintenance alternative for wooden trim, paneling, and moldings. Eave design starts with looking at the overall building composition and proportion. More expensive. One of the biggest differences between fascia and soffit is where each is located. A rake board resembles a fascia board, but it exclusively covers the exposed area of the rake. Clipped eaves and rakes project no farther beyond the exterior wall than necessary to cover the frieze trim. Jul 14, 2022 · Install the fascia by slipping it behind the drip edge, then nailing to the underside of the fascia board with pre-painted 1 ¼” aluminum trim nail spaced every 16-24”. Aug 27, 2021 · Wood Is a Common Fascia Material. 230 Gazebo Lid with Black Beams. It’s attached to the ends of the rafters, covering it completely from the front. While fascia is the wood board that lines eaves and all edges of a roof, rake trim/board is the specific fascia that trims a gable’s rake. Once the nailing is finished, line up the lip of the gable fascia with the fascia board on the eave. This trim board has two very important roles. Wood fascias are the most common fascia board material. Western Reveal is a versatile metal fascia panel that is a bit different from T-groove because you have the option to pick the "reveal" or gap size between the panels. The most common materials include wood, PVC, fiber cement, vinyl, and aluminum. Clean lines and durable details depend on careful framing and a systematic installation sequence. Wood: Wood is perhaps the most common selection when it comes to designing a fascia board. Knowing the anatomy of your roof can help you visualize exactly where frieze board trimming goes in your home. For example, a large 1×4 or 1×6 rake board works when there isn’t an eave extending out to an overhang on the gable end. Sometimes the fascia board can be confused with the rake board which runs in a gable. Together, fascia and soffit boards create a box shape against the wall, which requires ventilation to avoid a build-up of moisture. The fascia and rake boards are found where the roof meets the outer walls, providing critical support for your home’s gutter system. It resists damage from moisture and holds no appeal for pests like woodpeckers or termites. 229. Contact us today for a FREE ESTIMATE! rake corner board door trim fences stairs (exterior) 1. 25 for aluminum. 85 to $11. Oct 4, 2023 · A rake board, also known as a fascia board, is a horizontal board at the gable ends of a sloped roof. Instead of stopping at the edge of a roof at the exterior wall where potential leaks can occur, the rake roof extends past the wall providing additional protection. The fascia is the horizontal board located at the edge of the rafters, typically behind the gutters. The difference between rake board and fascia board is that rake boards are slanted, and fascia boards are straight. Recognizing the Need for Replacement Mar 30, 2021 · What is a roof rake board and why are they important? This quick video will provide a definition of common roofing terms such as rake boards, roof rakes, and To make matters more confusing, this rake trim, or rake board, is also known as fascia. Installing aluminum fascia. Clean White Trim. 25 to $10. We remove and replace damaged sections of fascia and rake board, carefully matching the pieces we replace to the existing materials. First, a frieze board ensures that the empty gaps and spaces between the underside of the soffit material and the sidings are filled. The gable end is replaced by a hip end. You can even mix and match the reveal size and the panel widths. Feb 7, 2024 · The role of the roof rake is to provide a path that guides melting snow and prevents the ice dam formation along the eaves. Extended eaves and rakes project 6 to 8 inches for a short overhang, one foot for a moderate extension, and 18 inches to as much as 3 feet for a more dramatic effect. Aesthetics. The primary difference is that rake boards run diagonally along the roof gables, whereas fascia runs horizontally along the rafters, gutters, and trusses. They are attached to the back of the gutter and are cut to the degree of the roof slope. <!—-> <!—->. Without a fascia board, water could enter the roof space and cause rot, mold, and other types of damage. Trust our experts to replace your roof. avoid gable ends Jul 10, 2023 · Water can cause the fascia board to rot, weakening the roof structure and creating entry points for pests. Although they're both important, Fascia is a bit more crucial for protecting the roof and siding. Jul 10, 2020 · Rake boards, the trim that goes along the edge of a gable roof, can be difficult to install without a helper. Aug 28, 2008 · The metal is bent to go 2″ over the roof decking, down the fascia, and bent again to cover the facia edge and an inch more to trim new soffit next year. And, thus, the term eavesdropper was born. 00 installed. Honsador Lumber. The drip edge is strong and can last longer than the rake edge. The material is also affordable: A 16-ft. The architect will determine the type of rake board to use based on the style of the fascia and trims of the building. This trim board prevents moisture from either snow or rain from seeping down beneath the sidings. However, when installed on roof rakes, these boards are also The rake board is furred out with a board narrower than the rake to create a space for the siding ends–sort of a site-made J-channel. This material is probably the one most at risk for water damage. x 4 in. (They also figure out rakes and returns that may also include soffit overhangs. Also, notice that a hip roof still has a ridge and eaves (as do all peaked roofs). Both eave and rake are integral components of the same roofing system, covered with the same roofing material. If a choice exists between several boards to use for beveled fascia purlins, select ones as This review is from 1 in. It protects roof rafters, enhances a house’s appearance, and often supports the soffit. Many homeowners may have concerns about the rake of their roofs and the role of the fascia in protecting their homes. Western Reveal- 3” inch reveal. After drawing the wall framing , the sheathing, and the 1-inch-thick frieze, I squared a level line from the outside face of the frieze and marked 10 inches out from there. To minimize seasonal movement, secure the fascia joinery with glue and nails. You can choose a stunning, high-contrast color, like black, a traditional wooden look, or modern metal panels for the rake boards. The rake of a roof is for aesthetic purposes. Oct 23, 2011 · sheathing flush with fly vs. The roof eave, in contrast, is a part of the roof extending from the edge of the roof beyond the house’s exterior wall. May 6, 2024 · Location. Fascia. Quality roofing material and expert installation are e A video showing how I fit Fascias to the box ends and apex. Feb 10, 2010 · Spending the extra $ now on high quality paint (like Benjamin Moore) Will more than pay for itself in repainting costs and effort given the fact that the Azek will last many times longer than any wood product. Material and labor cost for 8″ wide, 350′ of fascia is about $1,900. The rake board is primarily responsible for visually enhancing the building’s transition between the Mar 2, 2023 · Similar to eaves and soffits, rakes and fascia are often confused with one another, though they’re technically different. Secure the new piece of board in place with screws or nails. ) Response from UFPI Representative Show May 13, 2024 Dear HomeDepotCustomer, thank you for letting us know about your frustrating experience. They are flat boards which cover the gap from the underside. Jun 23, 2020 · The fascia board is the vertical board that is directly behind the gutter on your house. Mar 15, 2024 · A rake on a roof or roof rake, not to be confused with a handheld roof rake, is the exposed part of any gabled roof system that stretches from an eave to the ridge of the roof’s sloped sides. You can only see soffit if you’re standing directly beneath your roof and Aug 22, 2023 · Rake Of A Roof vs. With the claw of a hammer, a prybar or another tool, your roofers will carefully remove the nails from the fascia board and take it down. , depending on the style of the building). As the most visible part of the roof trim, the fascia needs to run straight and neat. So in summary, an eave is part of a roof system and a soffit, in that context, is part of the eave. Apr 1, 2024 · Fascia is the horizontal board that runs along the lower edge of your roof, connecting the roof to the home’s outer walls. The average home has 100 to 200 linear feet of soffits and fascia. ly/2bzTKsHReliability starts at the top. Fascia being a type of trim, runs parallel along the roof edge and is easy to see, whereas soffit is installed beneath the roof edge or eaves and is parallel with the ground. Jun 30, 2022 · The purpose rake board of a roof comprises different roofing materials, which could be PVC board, Pine, cedar, smart board, or concrete board, respectively. This type of design also helps strengthen the area helping it last longer. Frieze board helps protect and cover the gap between the underside of the soffit and the home’s siding. Featuring WindsorONE Shiplap in the porch lids & soffits, and WindsorONE S4SSE as fascia. Apr 19, 2024 · The soffits and fascia board form the eaves at the roof’s edge. Fascia vs. Rake boards can also protect the soffit, the underside of the roof overhang. In other words, gables on a home have rakes overhanging them. Fascia boards give the roof a neat, finished appearance and serve as a protective barrier against moisture and the elements. Synopsis: Trimming a roofline can be done minimally, but Rhode Island builder John Spier prefers to go an extra step by using larger overhangs, elegant returns, and other exterior-trim details to make Sep 9, 2020 · It is corrugated. **. x 10 ft. The distance from grade to ridge is about 36 ft. Feb 27, 2020 · Designers work out the overhang, or the distance from the exterior wall of the house to the edge of the eaves trim or fascia. However, it must be Apr 8, 2024 · Rake boards provide support for the edges of your roof, helping to maintain its shape and stability. The rear (south) slope starts at the full 8-ft. On the horizontal areas of the roof, that board is generally referred to as a fascia board. -long 5/4×5 plank costs about 82 cents per linear foot, compared with $1. 2. Pros. Mar 17, 2016 · Rake: The rake of the roof is the part that ends over a gable end. This bend in the metal locks the edge around the side of the house’s roof, covering up the shingles. The object here would be for the top edge of the Dec 2, 2022 · An eave and a rake are almost exactly the same thing with a few exceptions. The rake is the slanting edge of your roof that runs along the gable end, while the fascia is the horizontal board that runs along the roof's edge, typically where the gutter is attached. Why Choose Hardie ® Trim Boards? Add beautiful finishing touches that are built to last. Picture perfect example of a Modern Farmhouse. Gaps are available in 1”, 2” 3” or no reveal. They appear as an inverted ‘V’ under the edges of the roof verge, protecting the exposed materials much like a fascia. Application of Drip Edge. The rakes are sloped sections of overhangs that run from the eaves to the roof peak. #1. Fascia and Their Importance in Home Exteriors There are much different parts in a roof — from the chicken and gables to the eaves, traverses and more. Soffit. First, a home’s eaves are horizontal roof overhangs at the bottom edge of a roof section. In construction, the rake of a roof, or AZEK: Probably going to be there and look good forever. Additionally, the gutters and downspout system are generally attached to the fascia board for support, so if the fascia boards are rotted or in poor condition Apr 29, 2024 · A fascia board runs along the lower edge of a roof with its flat, broad side facing the street and perpendicular to the ground. 4. Eaves Oct 13, 2023 · Fascia boards, typically crafted from pine or cedar, are an essential component of roof rakes, nailed to the rafter or truss tails. The long boards and the ladder height make it Aug 28, 2023 · Rake Board vs. Fascia Boards: Trim that brings your roof eaves or overhangs, giving them lateral rigidity. They keep water and pests from getting in the roof and attic. They really do all the work in that regard! Fascia boards also help secure and anchor all the guttering on your roof, stops unwanted pests from getting in your attic, serve as the line of defense Enhance the look of your home with these creative ideas for fascia board design and decoration. thick) and the overhang from the side wall (set between 12 in. Overall, fascia helps create a finished look for the home with a smooth transition between the roof and the walls. By directing water away from the fascia board and into the gutters or off the roof's edge, a drip edge helps prevent water from seeping into the fascia board, which can prolong the life of the board, and the roof’s structure. Once you put in your end rafters, you would put one up to cover the rafters up for weatherproofing. Bumps and uneven joints in the framing can prevent the fascia from making even contact with the soffit, so sand or grind them flat. Snip the bend in the fascia that will cover the bottom of the subfascia about 1 in. The wider boards make the trim more prominent and help emphasize the facade. It can be challenging to wrap your head around view the different roof terminology, especially when comparing rake food and fascia. One slope starts about a foot off the floor deck and rises 16 ft. Identify the damaged area and remove any damaged or rotten sections of the board. Just like a soffit works to keep water out of the rafters beneath your gables, frieze boards prevent moisture buildup from getting underneath your siding. It can help keep rainwater and snow away from the roof’s structural components. It serves as a distinct component in roofing systems, separate from the fascia board. What are the Pro’s and Con’s for the added Rake and fascia are both essential components of your roof's edge, but they serve different purposes. Smart Side is essentially the same as OSB, commonly used for sub fascia applications. Aug 4, 2022 · Best Material for Fascia Boards. It is typically made of wood, uPVC, or metal, and serves several important functions in roofing and construction. Fasten from the face of one Trim member into the edge of another by pre-drilling pilot holes and inserting stainless steel wood screws. It is an overhang that occurs at the side of the gable roof. ) are not located where WindsorONE Trim Board pieces join, install 1-1/4” solid blocking first and then nail the Trim to it. In contrast, fascia boards are installed at the top of walls, just like rake boards, but at the horizontally flat (or close to flat) wall tops. 7900 2 Anyone who stood very close to the house, on the eavesdrop, was probably trying to hear what was going on inside that house. Flashing—Sheet metal or other material used at junctions of different planes or materials on a roof to prevent leakage. #5 · Aug 24, 2012 (Edited) that fascia has serious underhang past the soffit! your best bet with that repair is to go back with cpvc 1x material after you cut the old fascia out uphill past the rotten section. -thick x 5-in. The main purpose of the barge is to tie the roof stringers together across the eve, while also providing a bold architectural look. Gable trim can be painted to match or complement the roof color or the home's exterior, while rake trim is usually installed with a color that matches the home's siding or other trim Barge Board Uses. Because of this shape, the metal that has been prepared to use for a drip edge already is slightly pricier than that for a rake edge. past the outside corner. Cedar is a popular fascia wood and redwood is another. Fascia Board. Fascia (/ ˈ f eɪ ʃ ə /) is an architectural term for a vertical frieze or band under a roof edge, or which forms the outer surface of a cornice, visible to an observer. to 18 in. The rake or barge board runs along the gable peak where two roof slopes meet. Prep for soffit installation begins as I frame the house. Both a rake board and fascia refer to exterior trim around the roof. Fold-down the excess aluminum. Hardie® siding is noncombustible—it will not burn. The rake of a roof extends beyond the exterior walls and forms the triangular shape of the gable roof. 80 to $9. The fascia on the gable end overhang (rake, I think it's called) isn't wide enough to fully cover the soffit (3/8" plywood). The type of rake board a builder uses is based on the style of trim and fascia on the rest of the house or building. Notch the lip so that the two points align. Align the tabs and trim and fold over the ends. Sand and paint the new section to match the existing fascia board. Felt—The bituminous paper used by roofers, usually made of a combination of asphalt and either paper or rags. Visit https://www. Rake boards may be wrapped in metal to match metal-wrapped fascia or painted to match painted trim. Feb 1, 2018 · SUBSCRIBE http://bit. Replace the damaged section with a new piece of wood or other material that matches the existing fascia board. That's because both of these wood species have some natural rot-resistance, even when unpainted. Not to be mistaken for fascia or soffits, frieze boards go at the very top of a home’s siding—right before the soffit. When framing members (rafters, outlookers, etc. Enhance the look of your home's exterior with these creative fascia board ideas. A drip edge runs along the horizontal eaves of a roof, guiding water into the gutters and away from the fascia. Fascia Boards are often made from a wide range of different materials, each posing various advantages and challenges. It is in a horizontal location near the eave where the water runs off. 1 Slip the flashing under the drip edge and snug it to the subfascia. Fascia, soffit and barge board importance Sep 26, 2023 · Rake Boards. By John Spier Issue 201. Hold a piece of rake flashing in place, and then mark and cut its leading edge plumb to the eave fascia. 375 in. See Figure 55-12 Figure 55-12 Cutting Fly Rafter Nail fly rafter to overhanging rake purlin ends and eave struts (purlins). 2 Nail the bent end in place with 1-in Trimming the Roofline. Fascia defines the roof. It is the board the gutter system mounts to. The rake board is generally installed along the sides of a building, but not in all cases. It Fascia—A decorative board extending down from the roof edge either at the eave or at the rake. Step Four: Measure and Cut. Soffit Protection. You could go with aluminum wrapped, it's pretty durable and paintable too. October is practically the only month to paint in NC, so I noticed something while repairing fascia on a corner. AL: Not going to look good forever, dents easily, paint will fade. Understanding Rake Board vs. Our fiber cement siding and trim products are formulated to offer superior performance based on your region Aug 23, 2016 · The east-facing gable-end rake wall is a saltbox style. Rake boards are cut from multiple types of substrates such as pine and cedar, smart board, PVC board and concrete board. Roof Rake vs. You can either replace the fascia all the way up to the peak of the roof or go a few feet up the fascia and Best Method for Installing Gutter on Angled Fascia Board. This is done with the use of gutter wedges (sometimes called "gutter shims" ). They are basically the same thing as fascia board. Particularly, rake boards are used at parts of a roof where there is at least some low slope running, in most cases, towards the rear of the roof at a positive or downward grade. Hip Roof Parts. While they both refer to exterior trim around a roof, rake board trim only runs diagonally across the gables of a home. Top 10 Best Fascia Board Repair in Washington, DC - June 2024 - Yelp - Ralda Roofing & Gutter Handyman, AA Repairs & Replacements, All Seasons Gutter Cleaning Services, Impact Roofing & Renovations , New Dominion Exteriors Inc. Frieze Boards: Horizontal trim pieces you see at the top of your siding where it meets the eave or soffit line. Both rake edges and drip edges deflect water away from your home, but they serve different areas. These boards vary in size. Next, your roofers will measure and cut the new fascia board to fit. In the two photos below you will see examples of “Rake Board”. Cheaper. Dec 17, 2023 · Rake trim: Sloping edges of a gable end against the gable wall. A barge board is the finished product of a gable, not the end rafter or the exterior rafter. Due to the location of the barge at the outer edge of the roof, it is imperative that it performs well while wet. The metal is installed with lap seams every 10′. from the end and use a hand bender to bend the flashing so it will wrap around the end of the subfascia board by about 1 in. It also needs to provide some structural value when tying the stringers together. When designing a gable-end eave without a return, the dimensions to look at are the width of the trim (set between 6 in. 50 for vinyl and $8. Hold the eave flashing in place, running about 1 in. Rake Board. x 120 in. Along the tails of the rafters or trusses, I install a 2x subfascia, then hang the soffit panels and fascia on that. The cost of wood fascia is $5. This fascia board completely frames out the roof overhang of this small front porch. (Note: WindsorONE products are not to be used as siding). Find inspiration and discover how to add a unique touch to your fascia board design. Discover how to add style and personality to your exterior with unique fascia board designs. PVC has a honeycomb-like micro-cell structure at a molecular level. It also supports the roof, shingles and gutters, which help direct water away from the home. The fascia is a horizontal board that is fixed to the ends of roof rafters or trusses at the eaves of a building. second-floor rear-wall height and rises to the ridge. Clearly, eaves and soffit are two different parts of the same structure. Make a flat base . Jul 21, 2021 · Reveal Fascia Panel. Jeff Whiteman. Aug 22, 2012 · 1751 posts · Joined 2012. approved uses fascia rake board window trim soffit rake board corner board beaded ceiling door trim column wrap band board windsorone exterior trim board installation & maintenance manual (05. [1] Typically consisting of a wooden board, unplasticized PVC (uPVC), or non-corrosive sheet metal, many of the non-domestic fascias made of stone form an ornately carved or 1. 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