bool Valid = false; Jul 25, 2019 · here is a code of a simple contact form that I have created, I believe that the form is server-side protected against empty fields, header injections, CSRF, XSS, bots using 'Google reCAPTCHA v3' and so on. If you don’t have one, please follow the link at the end of this article reCAPTCHA for . By checking the captcha separately you are allowing attackers to completely skip the captcha which entirely defeats the purpose of the captcha. Google reCAPTCHA v3 form. NET web applications (Web Forms, MVC 5, ASP. Jun 7, 2018 · I have this function to execute Ajax POST request : function ajaxPost(url, data, callback) { var req = new XMLHttpRequest(); req. Google Recaptcha v3 example demo Live Demo - Integrate Google reCAPTCHA in Modal Popup Form with Ajax and PHP by CodexWorld. Jul 10, 2024 · Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Go to the Google reCAPTCHA admin panel, and simply register your website. Feel free to skip this part if you’ve already signed up for Google reCAPTCHA v2 and have your site and secret keys. In this tutorial we are going to Integrate Google reCAPTCHA v3 in PHP. reset(); If you're using reCaptcha v1 ( probably not ): Recaptcha. querySelector('. ly/2TO53qy recaptcha team, and this is not the 'official' recaptcha team group) so you're probably asking the wrong people. Reference the shown dependencies, swap in your email address and keys (create your own keys here), and the form is ready to test and use. May 22, 2019 · I'm having a problem with getting a problem when submitting captcha v3 to ajax. getResponse() grecaptcha. 1. 1 (IPv4) ::1 (IPv6) into the domains list. In simple words, Google reCAPTCHA v3 is a javascript API which returns score on the basis of user interaction. Add reCAPTCHA widget in popup HTML form. If we used. Get reCAPTCHA site and secret Keys. 0. 認証が必要なページにGoogle指定のJavaScriptファイルを読み込む. So the ajax will simply set the value in a hidden field and on the backend page, I do the captcha validation. Go to Credentials. the form does not have method and action specified in its tag like form method="post" action="page_url". reload(); This will do if there is an already loaded Recaptcha on the window. That does not get appended to form Nov 10, 2016 · So I finally managed to get my jquery/ajax contact form with the Google reCAPTCHA v2 to work, but if the reCAPTCHA isn't entered or invalid, the form is cleared, so the user would have to enter everything again. Choose the version of ReCAPTCHA you wish to use (e. 3. The following are highlights of the library are: * Renders reCAPTCHA widget and verifies reCAPTCHA response with minimal amount of code * Provides reCAPTCHA web control (ASP. The reCAPTCHA script is asynchronous, so there is no way to wait until the token is resolved: // Let's retrieve the form by its id. Register reCAPTCHA v3 keys here. I also haven't been able to successfully use Javascript to validate the g-Recaptcha-Response and use it in my @Ajax. The code is working fine when forms are loaded without AJAX. It can be found under Settings » reCAPTCHA. Jun 22, 2012 · 2) It is validated server side on their googles end, this is why they offer the validation without the plugins. If we used // render=explicit as param in script src, then we can explicitly render reCaptcha at this point // element to "render" invisible captcha in var htmlEl = document. At the moment I am using reCaptcha V2 with the following code: string Response = Request. Step 2. net. i am trying to implement it onto my aspx page. CAPTCHA is abbriviated as "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart" it is a test to distinguish between human and automatic bots. Step 3 – Setup Google V3 Recaptcha Package. Aug 12, 2015 · The PHP has 3 alerts within it: reCAPTCHA has not been run. 如果密鑰留空的話，Formmy 將不會驗證 Google reCAPTCHA，請依網站使用情境做調整。 # 大功告成！ 完成以上步驟後，Formmy 會自動去幫你向 Google 驗證你的請求是否為惡意請求，你可以放心接收你的寶貴資料。 Aug 30, 2021 · Based on the answer from: Ajax Form With Google Invisible Recaptcha, on my website I have a form that uses, PHP, Ajax and JQuery for the process. Firstly, you have to load Javascript API with your SITE KEY. If done correctly, the reCAPTCHA preview in Forminator will now display a “Protected by reCAPTCHA” badge. Click add Create credentials, and then select API key. Modified 7 years, 3 months ago. Where will line $( "#i-recaptcha" ). reset(); For both of your problems, use the second function whenever you need in your JavaScript code. My HTML form looks like this: Jun 24, 2020 · In this tutorial, we will add Google reCAPTCHA v3 to a PHP form and submit it without leaving the page, using Ajax. Jul 9, 2019 · Or, if you're not submitting via ajax then you should put that token in a hidden form input and process it along with the form. Nov 28, 2022 · 1. In this form, there is the following field which you need to fill: May 16, 2018 · Hello, dear 000webhost users! I can see you are growing day by day. In general, there will be 3 types of reCAPTCHA: Feb 26, 2021 · In this section, we’ll see how you can register it. April 06,2016 Sandro Brayen Dibaca 10975 kali Javascript Pemula Captcha. In the reCAPTCHA Type field, select the reCAPTCHA v3 option. If you don't do this, there's a chance someone could either fake the response 3 days ago · Enable the API. Jul 30, 2010 · For reCaptcha v2, use: grecaptcha. 書いてみると意外と簡単ですが、これを行うには、reCAPTCHA 自体の仕様というか、全体の動きを把握してないとコードに落とし込みにくいと思います。. Client-side Integration. Record the API key for later use. Create an API key for authentication: In the Google Cloud console, go to the Credentials page. May 4, 2019 · I figured it out irrespective of whether I submit some data in Ajax or not, what matters is that the received data is validated with re-captcha. I think the problem is with google or my php, or ajax request. Hello semua, pada tutorial ini saat ini saya mau berbagi panduan menggunakan captcha dalam form input. You need to get your own setup keys from Google reCaptcha Website. From my research it seems that the token is not being sent to my PHP page correctly via AJAX. Try stackoverflow. This is an ideal way to maximize security without any user friction. Namun ada baiknya saya berikan sedikit gambaran apa sih captcha tersebut. ready()`. サイトキー Jan 20, 2023 · Challenge: add user-friendly captcha to a WordPress form Solution: after ajax form submit – connect to the recaptcha siteverify service and get a SPAM score Website visitors don’t like standard captcha solutions. . ajax, you are specifying type and page_url for the ajax call scope. We will submit it via AJAX (the page will not reload) and process the form values with PHP. However, if you’re using WordPress, there are some built-in functions of the software that improve the security of this code, and allow you to skip the step of Jun 7, 2020 · Visit the reCAPTCHA website and register your application. NET Framework Dec 26, 2023 · 1. The page loads fine and but the Google reCAPTCHA is not rendering. The Site Key and Secret Key need to be specified in the script at the time of calling Google reCAPTCHA API. Start by creating a new form in window. Hot Network Questions Why is the usage of 真 in 那是个真热闹的地方 considered an error? Trying to get my form which uses google invisible recaptcha to work correctly with my my jQuery AJAX and PHP. Jan 23, 2019 · Google reCaptcha validate using jquery AJAX. Mar 18, 2020 · Added Google reCAPTCHA v3 Option. Following page will display. 13. Google reCAPTCHA protects you from spam and other automated abuse. Google reCAPTCHA gives these two functions: I always use this in all my AJAX powered forms. Get Google RECaptcha Site key and Secret key. You need to refer the following article for information on how to get Google RECaptcha Site key and Secret key. Submit form data and reCAPTCHA response with Aug 29, 2015 · ReCaptcha verification is different to the form submitting. I have already tried looked through most of the existing solutions, but they do not work for me. 1 Contact form issue to handle Google reCaptcha response. In this article we will learn how to use google's reCaptcha by adding reCaptcha DLL and by using Nuget package in asp . If you have had a contact form or any such form on your website, you know how annoying it is to receive spam messages from bots. Some explains how to enable and customize Mar 23, 2018 · So to start with you go on a page. Viewed 861 times May 27, 2020 · Currently the documentation on the reCAPTCHA script is zero, and I haven't found a reliable way to actually and forcefully resolve the token. Everything is clear and super easy to use/mimic in your code. g-recaptcha'); // option to captcha var captchaOptions = { sitekey: '6Lck', size: 'invisible', // tell reCaptcha which callback to notify when user is Aug 31, 2017 · i-recaptcha is the name of the form. The idea is that you send the completed captcha value to your server along with the rest of your form. ahmet alp balkan. Below is the sample code, using good old jQuery 🙂 – the key element is to pull the value of the form field named “g-recaptcha-response”: Server-side, you can now validate captcha response as you do with regular forms Apr 15, 2024 · Here are some steps to integrate and use Google reCAPTCHA v2 to secure forms: First of all, you need to create new Google reCaptcha key and secret for codeigniter 4 application. NET Web Forms for . Jan 14, 2024 · 2. 👍 25 adarqui, mnogokotin, ImanMh, piotr-cz, Horsev, endrureza, xinthose, ivanionut, christoferd, andrealvesvalverde, and 15 more reacted with thumbs up emoji 🚀 1 Mohammadtrabelsi reacted with rocket emoji Apr 10, 2015 · Support for Drupal 7 is ending on 5 January 2025—it’s time to migrate to Drupal 10! Learn about the many benefits of Drupal 10 and find migration tools in our resource center. Click here for the reCAPTCHA website. Verify that the Load form using AJAX setting is disabled in all forms where reCAPTCHA should be blocked. – Styphon Jul 10, 2024 · If you are using grecaptcha. In case user fails reCAPTCHA v3, he can be prompted with an additional challenge to prove. Integrating reCAPTCHA v2 with PHP provides a number of benefits for your website, including: Protection against spam: Effectively prevents spam bots from sending unwanted messages to your website, especially on comment sections or contact forms. g). Invisible ReCaptcha with jQuery ajax. Jun 4, 2015 · Even if you're submitting a form via Ajax, you still use a form and just interrupt the submission of the form and pass it off to Ajax. Benefits of using reCAPTCHA v2. How can I properly implement Google ReCaptcha with AJAX validation? Here is my code attempt. admin | Posted on May 13, 2021 | In the tutorial, I will be using a working HTML contact form. NET-based reCAPTCHA library which allows developers to easily integrate Google's reCAPTCHA service in ASP. Here, enter label, select reCAPTCHA v2 from the reCAPTCHA type, select "I'm not a robot" Checkbox, enter your domain name without https e. 1 How to handle google recaptcha with jquery? 4 How to Verify Google Recaptcha V3 Response with AJAX . Jul 11, 2020 · PHP Tutorial For Beginners: Google reCAPTCHA v2-----x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-----DeevloopersWe build unique digital products Jun 17, 2020 · Specify a label that will make it easy for you to identify the site in the future. Preferably you would add this somewhere close to the bottom of your body element. ready = function(cb){. 0 License. Mar 14, 2020 · Google reCAPTCHA v3 integration in PHP step by step with AjaxCode : https://bit. For 2), this needs to be done on your server side as well. I'm using reCAPTCHA version 2. Follow this short guide to get them correctly. Get Site Key and Secret Key: After the submission, your site will be registered with reCAPTCHA v3 and the API keys will be generated. I understand my codes but I am not familiar with using google's code like this captcha v3. Here's the code: var recaptchaWidgId = null; // (optional) used for resetting reCaptcha on showing modal. I have tried multiple tutorials but I think it does not fix to ajax request. 0 will be validated on Client Side using JavaScript and jQuery in ASP. answered Aug 11, 2010 at 9:55. It helps you recognize your registered domain name. you can find these in the other browsers Next, you need to add the <recaptcha-script> to every view you intend to use the reCAPTCHA. Before jumping into the coding let see how reCAPTCHA v3 works. Click SUBMIT to proceed. makitweb. ActionLink. It's simple as it gets: get reCaptcha response using it's callback function, send it with ajax to your PHP controller. When `grecaptcha. Jun 23, 2015 · 27. reset() method accepts an optional widget_id parameter, and defaults to the first widget created if unspecified. modal("show"); How to setup your form captcha. They need just a single click to confirm they are not a robot. How can i verify a human or bot Apr 16, 2019 · People at Google don't care that much I think. See this post on how to embed reCaptcha and verify both a user and a site. If you want to develop this reCAPTCHA from your local development area then you can add just “localhost” for instance. grecaptcha = {}; grecaptcha. Net MVC Core Hello World Tutorial with Sample Program example. After verification is successfiul you might submit form. If reCAPTCHA fails. Thank you for delving into this illuminating article – your gateway to mastering the nuances of Google Recaptcha. Build a modal component and add an HTML form element in the lightbox popup. Your success is our priority. js once its loaded. Click here for creating a google reCaptcha key or secret. Your visitors don’t see a checkbox (like v2 Checkbox reCAPTCHA) and May 15, 2022 · // Here we make a request to out WP AJAX action that verifies the FE token with Google servers using our private key and outputs either pass or fail function onRecaptchaFETokenCreated(recaptchaFEToken) { Jul 10, 2024 · reCAPTCHA v3 introduces a new concept: actions. Navigate to the following link and login into your account if not logged in. NET Core). com). Step 5 – Define Routes. . ready() to wrap API calls, add the following code snippet to ensure that reCAPTCHA can be called at any time. Here's my html form(i leave action null because i'm still in testing) &lt;form action = "" { "Name": "DEMO AJAX Example reCaptcha v3", "Alias": "demo_ajax_example-recaptcha_v3", "IsSubscription": false, "EnableDefaultJSValidation": false, "Fields Mar 7, 2021 · I have a contact form and I'm trying to validate google's Recaptcha on the server-side. AJAX/PHP with reCAPTCHA - Wan't the whole story, and kinda old. Plan how you want to implement the features of reCAPTCHA for WAF to protect your website. Google has released the new reCAPTCHA. These PHP alerts work if i bypass the AJAX script, (however open a blank form. Google’s reCAPTCHA v3 was released in fall of 2018 and runs completely in the background of your site. 000webhost now hosts a bunch of superbly designed websites. master Jun 20, 2019 · I am using Google reCaptcha v3. grecaptcha. onScriptLoad = function () {. Hot Network Questions What is this tower in Bonn opposite Sep 1, 2018 · Google reCaptcha validate using jquery AJAX. Please take note that if you want to test the captcha on your local server, you have to add localhost and/or 127. Nov 28, 2016 at 15:03. render() method for each widget created. getElementById ('example_form'); let addToken Apr 15, 2019 · Thank you. Launch Contact Modal. Nov 12, 2023 · 1A) ADD YOUR SITES. submit(); actually submit the form? When you are calling $. Remember this works if you have only one CAPTCHA in your page. my console is firebug in firefox. Jun 30, 2021 · When performing an AJAX call, results of the captcha validation can be simply pulled and sent with the AJAX call data. Jun 16, 2018 · I have a PHP contact form that performs validation via AJAX/JSON on the server side and pushes errors to Javascript to print out the errors and alter the HTML/CSS accordingly. However, if you’re using WordPress, there are some built-in functions of the software that improve the security of this code, and allow you to skip the step of Jan 12, 2015 · I have a simple contact form in aspx. Tick the Terms of Nov 8, 2017 · Diden't resolvd this issue I change the structure, not using ajax, I used insted sessions variables. Live Demo: Integrate Google reCAPTCHA in Modal Popup Form with Ajax using PHP. , v2 Checkbox, v2 Invisible, or v3) and register your Laravel application by providing your domain name. Net MVC Razor. // render=explicit as param in script src, then we can explicitly render reCaptcha at this point. Login with your Gmail account and Open register a new site form by clicking on the plus icon. com , they have a bigger AJAX programmer audience and Mar 31, 2017 · Posting a form with google recaptcha via ajax. Step 2 – Setup Database to Laravel App. let form = document. 2 How to integrate reCaptcha v2 with JS & PHP form? 1 Sep 29, 2023 · In the example Google reCAPTCHA Ajax Form script, we will add reCAPTCHA checkbox widget to the contact form in the popup box and validate the response with Ajax submission using PHP. To use reCAPTCHA with Java/JSP, you can download the reCAPTCHA Java Library here (contributed by Soren) and unzip it. // this callback will be called by recaptcah/api. Step 1. However when i click on a button to process my page it comes back with a "No reCaptcha clients exits". Creating a form with reCAPTCHA. I did do a google search for this and nothing has came up to solve my issue. Typically the only thing you'll need is the jar file Feb 16, 2021 · Currently google provides V2 and V3 of reCAPTCHA. Sample code: <%@ Page Language="VB" AutoEventWireup="false" Co Dec 14, 2019 · When I click on submit button it says please complete the recaptcha , I want to remove the recaptcha from the code, when I remove the recapcha from the code it still says please complete it so I don't want this recaptcha. Fill in the Domains and Owners information as needed. google recaptcha v2 with ajax and php. Feb 4, 2015 · You should hide you secret value (that you exposed in your question) at any cost. I can't figure out how to get the g-Recaptcha-Response, so I can pass the value to my controller ActionResult. com - https://www. com/integrate-google-recaptcha-in-modal-popup-form-with-ajax-using Jul 25, 2018 · I thought a fully-functioning reCaptcha v3 example demo in PHP, using a Bootstrap 4 form, might be useful to some. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Step 4 – Create Model & Migration. I want to validate the reCaptcha (client-side) before submitting the form. Google reCAPTCHA v3 SITE KEY & SECRET KEY. Adaptive risk analysis based on the context of the action, because abusive behavior can vary. Hot Network Questions Team member working from home is distracted with kids Jan 11, 2018 · Steps to add Google reCaptcha into Magento 2 Step 1. Mar 15, 2024 · By using the following steps, you can integrate google reCaptcha v3 in laravel 10 apps with validation: Step 1 – Create New Laravel 10 Project. Aug 22, 2023 · Domains – Specify the domain of the website. ) edited Aug 7, 2019 at 7:25. Nov 28, 2016 · you'll need to only put in that die () during this debugging - and to get the output of that debugging, you'll need to check the javascript console to see the result of the ajax call (so you can past that output for us here, pls) – WEBjuju. We can see reCAPTCHA version 3 and 2, select reCAPTCHA v2 > I’m not a robot option by selecting the radio button. You will get both a private key and a public key you need both for it to work. I am trying to integrate Recaptcha from Google Invisible Version 2 but I have not been able to achieve it, the recaptcha badge appears correctly and the validation seems to be also executed but when I submit the form the email does not arrive. A widget_id is returned from the grecaptcha. 2. Step 2 Nov 15, 2023 · Visit the Google reCAPTCHA website and sign in with your Google account. var htmlEl = document. Jan 13, 2021 · Ajax を使って reCAPTCHA 認証する. Net MVC Core, please refer my article ASP. Enter the Label name. We’ve had a lot of you request it, so now Google reCAPTCHA v3 setup for WPForms is here. Give me a sec, I'm adding an example to my answer. addEventListener("load", Jul 10, 2024 · The reCAPTCHA Java Library provides a simple way to place a CAPTCHA on your Java-based website, helping you stop bots from abusing it. open("POST", url, true); req. Sep 28, 2023 · See the tutorial and Download the source code from CodexWorld. Invisible reCaptcha AJAX Call. Dk052/PHPmailer-ajax-google-recaptcha This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Configuration. php) but don't work at all when I use the AJAX script. Aug 11, 2021 · This is a beautiful project to create Bootstrap Contact Form with Google ReCaptcha , PHP and Ajax. The call is done through AJAX. Ask Question Asked 7 years, 3 months ago. g-recaptcha'); Dec 19, 2016 · Ajax & Google reCaptcha. When you specify an action name in each place you execute reCAPTCHA, you enable the following new features: A detailed break-down of data for your top ten actions in the admin console. Anyone with this information can hack your captcha, easily. NET is a top . If someone has a solution for ajax+recaptach please let me know, I will like to know how to use this solution. This code is actually completely independent of the AJAX or the reCAPTCHA validation – you could use this very same code with a standard form ‘submit’ button if you’d like. Open this page and fill in the name of your website; 2. First, go to the reCAPTCHA admin panel to create a link which presents you with a form asking you for a few details, as shown in the following screenshot. Also, you can add multiple hostnames where the reCAPTCHA will Jul 31, 2017 · I don't know how can i apply this to my login page, once captcha success response on ajax then submit form. Oct 12, 2016 · The button is actually an @Ajax. Enter your domain name, that requires protection from bots. See this example with an automatic submition. Fill out the Label field. I guess the only option is to allow the cross domain for google only. On the assumption that, you have a Google Recaptcha account, I will continue the tutorial. Now you may add a reCAPTCHA challenge to your view where ever you need it. Please help. When you will click the given link 52. Aug 12, 2020 · The Google RECaptcha 2. Get Google reCAPTCHA keys. Jun 13, 2023 · Concluding our journey, was integrating Google Recaptcha with AJAX and PHP as intricate as it seemed? Should you encounter hurdles while crafting your own function, share your thoughts below. To configure the Google Invisible ReCaptcha extension you will need a site key and a secret key. There is a live demo created to design contact form and im May 13, 2021 · Using new Google reCAPTCHA with PHP and AJAX. If you plan to use this validation on a public site, I suggest you to recreate it at google recaptcha page. You will need to import the following namespace. Follow all the below steps for creating google reCaptcha key or secret. Jun 17, 2020 · Google reCAPTCHA v3 SITE KEY & SECRET KEY. Register a new account at Google reCAPTCHA. When i first load my page i can get a token back. Load 7 more related questions Recently, Google completely overhauled their reCaptcha API and simplified it to a single checkbox. The library wraps the reCAPTCHA API. Success message. g. Note: For beginners in ASP. (Updated based on @SebiH's comment below. // ensure that it can be safely called at any time. The also reCAPTCHA takes extremely long to load, so maybe it can be overlooked easily. How can I prevent it from clearing the form? Jun 13, 2022 · Enter your Site Key and Secret Key, and click Save Settings. 0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2. Then you click on for example the Contact link, which load the contact page via AJAX. The grecaptcha. Select reCAPTCHA type v3 & your hostname (website address: example. Then your server side code, as part of its validation routine, should forward the request to recaptcha's server for verification, and check the response. Install ReCAPTCHA Package. That will render the API script. But if you prefer ajax form submition you might nest your submission after siteverify ajax call like this: Ajax & Google reCaptcha. com. AJAX/PHP with reCAPTCHA - much newer, and helped me piece a lot of things together. Apr 6, 2023 · The Google reCAPTCHA V2 will be validated using the Captcha response received from Callback functions in JavaScript. Specify the domain of your website; 4. Big company problem. If not, follow these steps to register your website for reCAPTCHA: Navigate to the following link for registering the website for reCaptcha. codexworld. I am going to use Ajax form submit in my example. ReCaptcha Snippet: Apr 6, 2016 · Cara menggunakan reCAPTCHA pada form ajax untuk pemula. Google's reCAPTCHA PHP client library; reCAPTCHA Developers Page; Discussion of how reCAPTCHA works; Using reCAPTCHA on localhost; 1. Therefore I get a success alert from the AJAX script - even if the reCAPTCHA ha Dec 3, 2018 · I found this article: Google Recaptcha v3 example demo. If you have more than two CAPTCHAs use their IDs Nov 16, 2018 · This module enables you to easily configure reCAPTCHA v3 and a fallback challenge (captcha/recaptcha v2 e. Jun 24, 2019 · I suspect you don't have a problem with the latter as your code looks mostly OK (other than that you are using an old version of PHPMailer, and you're setting the submitter's address as a from address, which is forgery - search for that separately), but you've not posted any of your server-side recaptcha code. I hope this article would help you to increase your website’s security with Google Recaptcha. Live Demo at CodexWorld - Integrate Google reCAPTCHA in Modal Popup Form with Ajax and PHP by CodexWorld. I get a null response to Google. Form["g-recaptcha-response"];//Getting Response String Append to Post Method. So you need to store this id, and use it to reset that specific widget: Oct 29, 2021 · If you are actually submitting a form via js then why not use the google recaptcha library directly there is no need for a backend package then – bhucho Commented Oct 30, 2021 at 10:01 google recaptcha with ajax form. // element to "render" invisible captcha in. The problem is, I can submit a form with the reCaptcha included without checking it and the form First, visit the reCAPTCHA official website by clicking on this link. Select the Invisible ReCaptcha option from the list of the available variants; 3. Fill out the register form to choose the type of your Google reCAPTCHA. // It's useful since reCaptcha has a time limit. Dec 11, 2018 · I recently had to update one of the sites that is using Google reCAPTCHA to use the latest version, Google reCAPTCHA v3, and checked for the documentation and examples provided at Google. Make your way to Google reCAPTCHA to register a new account. It's basically your server talking to Google's. // loaded. $("#myModal"). wg th kb hn au ta ea vf co vz